Susah Pup

Sejak dikasih makanan padet, my sunshine suka susah pup. kasian deh, jadinya ga bisa mimi juga, muntah terus, konon karena perutnya penuh, ga ada yang dikeluarin. ke dokter, ga dikasih obat, cuman disuruh makan PEPAYA! hehe..

Dapet juga artikel ini dari www.babytimes.co.nz, lumayan buat nambah2 pengetahuan ttg susah pup alias konstipasi. cuman disini prune mahal, ada yang murah & banyak & ampuh mengatasi sembelit : PEPAYA! hihi..

Infant Constipation Guide

How to prevent and relieve constipation in your baby

What is Constipation?
Constipation is a delay in the passage of stools leading to distress in the child. Stools or bowel motions are hard and dry, and may be large, or like small pellets. Bowel motions may be less frequent and difficult to pass which may cause some anal bleeding. The size and consistency of stools depend on how much water they hold. Constipation is related more to the consistency of the stools than to frequency of passing a bowel motion.

What are Normal Bowel Habits?

The regularity with which an infant passes stools and colour of stools vary as baby grows. Also, bowel action of every baby is different. The colour of stools varies from yellow or green/yellow to brownish-green/yellow or brown. It is normal to occasionally find white flecks or curds in the bowel motions.

Sometimes the first part of a stool may be hard and more difficult for baby to pass; if the remainder (or the following stool) is wet and soft, this is not constipation. As long as stools are soft and easily passed, and the infant is continuing to grow appropriately, there is generally no need for concern about colour, frequency or smell of the bowel motion.

Why Does Constipation Occur?

Constipation in infants is most often caused by lack of fluid. Insufficient food intake or general underfeeding are also common causes.

BREAST FED BABIES

Amongst breast fed babies, there is a wide variation in frequency of passing a stool. While one breast fed baby may pass a bowel motion after every feed another may pass a bowel motion once every 7-10 days. It is unusual for a baby who is breast fed on demand, to be constipated.

What to do if your breast fed baby is constipated:

A baby breast-fed on demand, is unlikely to need additional water. However, if constipation occurs, offer cooled boiled water between feeds. If the weather is hot, feed baby more often. Mum should also ensure she also has plenty to drink.

FORMULA FED BABIES

Babies fed formula do tend to have firmer stools. Breast fed babies who receive some formula feeds, can also have firmer stools. This can be of concern to parents especially when they first start introducing formula. Remember, firmer stools do not necessarily mean constipation. Usually all that is required is to ensure fluid intake is adequate.

Formulas are sometimes incorrectly blamed for causing constipation. The iron content of formula will not cause constipation, however, frequent changing of formula type and brands may contribute to constipation.

If your formula fed baby is constipated, first consider these two important factors:

1.Are you making the formula up to the correct dilution? Ensure you are adding the correct number of scoops of powder for the quantity of water. Always pour the water into the bottle first, and then add the powder. When measuring out the powder, don’t pack the powder in the scoop. Don’t tap the filled scoop in any way (e.g. against the tin or with a knife) before you level it. Never heap powder in scoops.

2.Is your baby is getting enough fluid?
Add up the total volume of formula your baby is drinking in 24 hours. Is it enough? Check this against the guideline given on the formula packaging, or ask a health professional who will calculate daily total fluid requirements according to your baby’s age and weight. Remember that babies need more fluid in hot weather.

What to do if your formula fed baby is constipated:

·If adequate fluid is being given and formula is being prepared correctly, yet constipation persists, offer small amounts (30-50ml) of cooled, boiled water between feeds.

·As a temporary measure, add 1 teaspoon of brown sugar to a feed. Or, mix ½ teaspoon of brown sugar with 50ml boiled water and offer between feeds.

·Babies over 3 months age may also be offered prune juice diluted with water. Give baby 1 teaspoon of prune juice mixed with 1 - 2 tablespoons cooled, boiled water once a day. Discontinue sugar/ water or prune juice once regular bowel habit has resumed.

·Do not add prune juice or kiwifruit juice to feeds for infants under 3 months of age, as your baby is too young to tolerate fruit juice.

To Make Prune Juice:
In a small saucepan, bring to the boil 1 cup water with 4 - 5 moist, stoneless prunes. Cover and simmer for about 10 minutes or until prunes are very soft. Rub through a clean, fine sieve. Discard pulp in sieve. Reheat prune juice to the boil, tip into a sterilised container, cover and refrigerate. Use within 2 days. Or cool then pour juice into a plastic ice ‘cube’ making bag and freeze.

WHEN BABIES START SOLIDS

When solids are introduced you may see a change in both the frequency and appearance of your baby’s stools. Often a particular food is incorrectly identified as the cause of constipation at this stage.

Taking the following steps may help:

·When first introducing solids, give food after the milk feed. This helps ensure baby receives enough fluid first
·Introduce solids gradually over time, offering only small quantities initially (1-2 teaspoons)
·Include fruit and vegetable purees. Try adding fruit puree to your baby’s usual cereal
·Ensure baby is receiving adequate fluid
·If baby is still constipated during this stage, try offering diluted juice such as apple (15ml or 1 tablespoon juice to 50ml water) between milk feeds. Do not give sweet drinks on a regular basis as they may damage baby’s developing teeth. And you do not want to encourage a preference for sweet drinks

TODDLERS (walking, 12 months +)

Constipation in toddlers and young children may be due to:

·An inadequate intake of fluid
·Filling up on large amounts of milk or excessive intake of sweet juice, which depresses appetite for foods containing fibre
·Insufficient dietary fibre due to dislike of cereals or fruits and vegetables
·Poor or picky eating habits
·Irregular mealtimes
·Embarrassment or fear of going to the toilet

To Help Prevent and Treat Constipation in Toddlers:
1. Ensure a good intake of fluid:
·At 12 months of age aim for a minimum 500-600ml of milk or formula a day, plus water as needed. For example, a one year-old weighing 10kg would need about 900-1000ml of fluid a day in total (i.e. including water or milk in ‘solid’ foods). Try to establish drinking water as a habit. If at first water is refused, persevere; continue to offer water regularly.
·The suggested fluid intake in millilitres per kg of body weight per day for children 1-3 years is 90-1000ml/kg/day.
·Unsweetened fruit juice is a suitable fluid but must be well diluted and preferably given at mealtimes to prevent damage to young teeth. Give diluted fruit juice from a cup in preference to a bottle.

2. Gradually increase the amount of fibre-containing foods in your child’s diet:
·Dietary fibre is found in plants. It helps to produce softer, bulkier bowel motions thus preventing constipation.
·The recommended daily intake (RDI) for adults is between 25 to 30 grams of dietary fibre. Young children need moderate amounts of fibre only.There are no RDI’s for children under 2 years but it is recommended that during the second six months of life, dietary fibre intake should gradually be increased to 5 grams per day.
·For children 2 years and over, daily fibre intake should ideally fall within a range calculated from child’s age plus 5 grams as a minimum, and age plus 10 grams as maximum. Thus a 3 year-old should have from 8 to 13 grams of dietary fibre a day.
·Too much fibre will fill up a small stomach, thus reduce appetite, total energy and nutrient intake.Excess fibre can also cause abdominal discomfort and flatulence, and also interfere with absorption of minerals such as iron, zinc and calcium.
·Increase fibre consumption by encouraging intake of more fruit and vegetables, and medium-fibre breakfast cereals such as Weet-bix®, wholemeal bread or high-fibre white bread.
·Avoid giving raw wheat bran (baking bran), oat bran or ‘adult’ wheat bran breakfast cereals that are very high-fibre (e.g. cereals with 25-34 grams of dietary fibre per 100 grams).
·It is important to ensure a toddler has plenty to drink as more fibre-rich foods are eaten, otherwise constipation can result. Water and milk are the most suitable fluids. Avoid giving milk just before meals.
·Toddlers have small stomachs and need to be offered regular meals and snacks. It is important to encourage a variety of foods

Ideas for Nutritious Fibre-Rich Snacks for Toddlers:
·Small sandwiches made with wholegrain, wholemeal or high-fibre white bread, filled with meat, egg or cheese. (Coarse, whole-grainy breads with seeds can cause choking so delay introducing until 3 years of age.)
·‘Mouse traps’ - wholemeal or high-fibre white bread topped with yeast extract and grated cheese, grilled or baked to melt.
·Small pieces of fresh or dried fruit, or canned fruit in natural juice.
·Add fresh fruit to yoghurt, custard or ice cream.
·Fruit ‘smoothie’ made with Karicare Toddler Milk (contains inulin, a dietary fibre).
·Small jacket potato with filling.
·Creamed corn on toast.
·Softened (lightly steamed) vegetable sticks with dips.
·Baked beans on toast.